Creator:N.B. Brandt and V.A. Venttsel
Date Created:
Place Created:
Keywords:Russian chemistry article
Context:article reprinted from a Russian chemistry journal
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A k a a e m h a Hays CCCP >KypHaji 9 k c n e p h m e h t a ji b h o fi h TeopeTHiecKOH
(J) H 3 H K H Tom 35, Bbin. 5 (li), 1958 r.
H. B. BpaHflT, B. A. Beimiejib
BJIH5IHHE BCECTOPOHHErO ©KATHH HA OCUHJ1JI5IUHIO MArHHTHOfi BOCnPHHMHHBOCTH BHCMYTA nPH HH3KHX TEMnEPATYPAX
)KypnaA 3KcnepuMeHtnaAbH0u u meopemmecKou cpusuKu
.Of
T. 35
1958
Bbin. 5(11)
BJIHflHHE BCECTOPOHHErO C>KATHfl HA OCUHJIJIflUHK) i MATHHTHOft BOCnPHMMMHBOCTH BMCMYTA nPM HH3KMX TEMflEPATYPAX
H. E. BpaHdm, B. A. Benmi{eAb
MccJieaoaaHO BJiHHHHe BcecTopoHHero OKaTHH /laiuiehhem oko.ho 1000amu Ha ocuhjijihuhio MaTHHTHOH BOCnpHHMMHBOCTH BHCMyTa B MarHHTHOM FlOJie AO 13 kOe npH 4,2—1,6°K. riO(J)OpMy-JiaM JlaH^ay oueHeH xapaKTep H3MeHeHHH TeH3opa 3$x}ieKTHBHbix Macc, rpaHHMHoii sHeprHH <t>ep-mh £n, (jjaKTopa >0,HHrjiR h KOHU.eHTpaii.HH 3JieKTp0H0B. JXejiaiotch npeflno^oJKeHHS o xapataepe 3HepreTHiecKoro cneKTpa 9.neKTp0H0B y BHCMyTa.
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B paSoTax no hccnejiobahhio bjihhhhh ^abjienhh ha rajibbahomarhhthbie CBOHCTBa Bi [1_3J 6w.no BbicKa3ano npeAno/io>KeiiHe o bo3mo>khocth Ha6jno,n,e-hhh 3aMeTiioro bjihhhhh AaBJieiiHH na KBanTOBbie ocuhjuihuhh MarHHTHpft BocnpHHMHHBocTH MCTajuioB b MarnHTiioM noJie H npn HH3KHX TeMhepaiypax ^a>Ke b o6;iacTH He onenb 6o;ibLLjHX flaB-jiehhii. Tanoe hcaiejiobahhe moivio 6h ^atb B03M0>Kii0CTb onpea&neHHH xapaKTepa ne-<|X)pMaUHH TeH30pa 3(jx|}eKTHBHblX Macc y Bi npn chothh. FIpe.zicTaB.fiH.no TaK>Ke hh-Tepee cpaBHenne c ApyrHMH SKcnepHMeH-TajibHbiMH h c TeopeTHMecKHMH paSoTaMH, nOCBflLU,eHHblMH HCCJieflOBaHHK) BJ1HHHHH .naBJieHHH Ha 3c{xJ)eKT fle Taa3a—BaH Ajib-cj)eHa [1_61.
H3MepeHHH npOBOflHJIHCb Ha MOHOKpH-CTajuiHMecKHx o6pa3uax oMeHb mhctoto Bi npn Tpex ochobhwx opHeiiTauHnx 06-pa3ua. 06pa3Ubi yKpenjisuincb Ha cneu,H-ajibHOM flepwaT&ne BHyTpH H30TponHofi B MarHHTHOM OTHOLUeHHH 6oM6bl (pHC. 1) I4], COeAHHeHHOH C nOflBeCHOH CHCTeMOH TOp-chohhhx BecoB. ,H,aB.neHHe co3flaBaJiocb metoflom Jla3apeBa h KaH I'J.OflHaKO jxjih yBejiHweHHH oahopoahocth jtabjiehhh BMe-CTO BOflbl, KOTOpaH 06bIMH0 IipHMeHHJiaCb paHee, HaMH Hcn0.nb30Ba.nHCb boaHbie pac-TBOpbl STHJIOBOrO CIlHpTa, 1TO n03B0JIHJI0 pe3KO yMeHblHHTb B&nHMHHy HeOAHOpOfl-Hbix Hanpsi>KeHHH b c>KaTbix o6pa3uax h npH6jIH3HTb yCJIOBHH OnblTa K yCJIOBHHM BcecTopoHHero cwaTHH I8]. BejiHMHHa flaB-jieHHH H3Mepajiacb no yzyihhehhto 6om6h npH riOMOLUH npocToro HH^HKaTopa, co-CTOHHierO h3 AByX y3KHX njlOCKHX npy>khhok, hh>KneH wacthm 6om6h.
,EUih ka>KAoro o6pa3ua chhmajiacb 3abhchmoctb momehta chji C, aehctbyio-iuhx Ha o6pa3eu b hoctohhhom marhhthom nojie, ot HanpaBjieHHH marhfrfhoro nojia b nji0CK0CTH, neprieh^hkyjiaphoh och noflBeca, a taixwe 3abhchmoctb C ot Hanpn>KeHHocTH nojiH npn pasjiHHHbix opneiiTauHax o6pa3ua npn tem-
2*
Phc. 1. YcTpoflcTBo 6om6u: 1 — Kopnyc, 2 — o6pa3eu, 3 — rpH6oK, 4 — npoGga, 5 — CTeKflHHHbiii cTep>KeHb, 6 — yn^oT-HHioiuHe npoKJia^KH, 7 — aepwaTejib 06-pa3ua, 8 — HHflHKaTop flaMBHHa c 3ep-KajibiteM . V • ■ fi
npHBapeHHbix k BepxHeii h
1084
H. B. BpaH«t, B. A. Beinnejib
nepaTypax 4,2 h 1,6°K. Bee sth h3mepehhh npoBO/yuiHCb Ha o6pa3uax, He noabeprabihhxch ^eftctbhk) ^abjiehhh, npn BcecTopoHHeM c>k3thh ^aejieHHeM okojio 1000 arriM h nocjie chhthh ^abjiehhh. OnbiTbi c c03aahhem noBTop-hwx AaBjieHHH, HHorAa ;jo qeTbipex pa3, noKa3aJin xopomyio B0cnp0H3B0flH-
Phc. 2. 3aBHCHM0CTb aHraoTpoiMH BOcnpHHMqHBOCTH Bi (rjiaBHaa h SHHapiiaH och nepneHflH-KyjiapHH och noABeca) ot HanpsDKeHHoc™ MarHHraoro nojin: ©— p = 0, ® — p~1000 amw. a) ^ = 76°, kphbhie / h 2 — T = 4,2° K; kphbbie 3n4—T= 1,6° K; 6) ^=170°, T=1,6° K;
e) <p= 175°, T= 1,6°K
MOCTb pe3yjibTaTOB. Ha puc. 2 npeflCTaBJieHbi HeKOTOpbie 33bhchmocth C/H2= == A/ • sin 4) • cos (j> ot 1 /H, i\ne Ay_—anh30tp0rih5i Mari-iHiHoft BOcnpHHivmiBocTH, a 4—yroJi Me>K^y HanpaBjieHHHMH rjiaBHofl och h MarHHTHoro mwifl. kan bhaho H3 phcyhka, flaBjienne okojio 1000 arriM Bbi3biBaeT ymehbinehhe amnjihty^bi ocuhji-jiauHH npH6jiH3HTeJibHo Ha 30%, npmeM STOT atJxpeKT HecK0JibK0 B03pacTaeT
B-iiHHHHe BcecTopoHHero cxaTHH Ha ocuhjijihuhio MarHHTHoii bocophhmmhuocth bhcmyta 1085
npn i|>—>0 h ymehbuiehhh H, a Taione ymehbiiiehhe mactotbi ocuhjijihuhh (cm. tj)opMyjibi JT. J\. JlaH^ay, npHBefleHHbie b [9]). H3MeHeH«e HacTOTbi ociwji-jihixhh npH ok3thh fljih pa3JIHMHHX 3Ha4eHHH (J) h306pa>KeH0 Ha pHC. 3. kphbaa 1
Phc. 3. 3aBHCHM0CTb E0/p~Sm y Bi (rjiaBHaa h 6nHapHan och nepneH^H-kyjiaphu och no^Beca) ot ywa ic- ©— P = 0. a — pi chhto, A — p2~ ~1000 amM, □ •— p2 chsto, ■ — ps~1000 amu
j \ . < ^
othochtch k o6pa3uy, He noflBepraBiueMycH aabjiehhio. Kan bhaho h3 pHcyn-Ka, Ha 3Ty we KpHByio xopomo jiohotch tomkh, noJiy^eHHbie npn H3MepeHHHx Ha o6pa3ue nocjie chhthh nepBoro h noBropHbix AaBjieHHii. KpHBbie a h 6 no-crpoeHbi no cjrapMyjiaM, Hcno;ib30BaH-HblM B I9]. nPH HCCJieAOBaHHH AByx Apy-rax opneiiTau.HH o6pa3U,a TaKwe Ha6jiio-AaJiocb xopomee corjiacne SKcnepH-
MeHTaJlbHblX 3aBHCHMOCTGH EJfi OT <j> C TeopeTHieCKHMH KpHBblMH, a H3MeHeHHe £o/|3 npH c>KaTHH KauecTBeHHo corjiaco-
BblBajlOCb C AaHHblMH, npeflCTaBJieHHblMH
Ha pnc. 4.
TaKHM 06pa30M, noJiyueHHbie pe-3yjibTa™ xopoiuo corjiacyicrrcH c Tpex-3JlJlHnCOHflHOH MOflejlbK) nOBepXHOCTH OepMH fljia sjieK'rponoB, npeAJio>KeHHOH IUeH6eproM. Tan KaK EJfi nponopunoHajibHu SKcrpeMajibHbiM njioutaAHM ceieHHH Sm noBepxHocTH OepMH njiocKocTbio, nepnehahKyjisiphoh Hanpaa-jieHHK) MarHHTHoro nojia [l0], H3 pnc. 4 mo>kho 3aKjH0iHTb, mto ae(j)opmau,hh noBepxHocTH OepMH y Bi npH c>KaTHH He HBjineTCH oahopoahoh [4j.
Bbijio o6hapy«eho tak>ke, mto h3mehehhe 4>a3bi ocuhjijihuhh Ax npn cwa-thh aabjiehhem 1000 amM He npeBbimeT ±10°. a H3MeHeHne anh30tp0nhh Ax0 nOCTOHHHOH qaCTH MarHHTHOH BOCnpHHMMHBOCTH —±2%.
PHC. 4. OTHOCHTeJIbHOe H3MCH6HHe SAm /Sm npn AaB^eHHH ~1000 amM
1086
H. B. BpaHflT, B. A. BeHTueJib
' Kan noKa3biBaer pacneT, BejiH^HHa Ax0=xx-—Xo Y Bi npn rejineBbix feMnepaiypax cooTBereTByeT ann30TporiHH Teii3opa 3c|xj)eKTHBHbix Macc fljia rpynnbi' ajieKTpoHOB, Bbi3biBaroiu,Hx scjxjDeKT Ae Taasa—BaH Ajibcj^ena, oAHaKo BbiMHCJieHHbie aSco.TiOTiibie 3i-iaiicHna xx H Xii cnvmqaiOTCH OT HafijiroaaeMbix Ha BejiHMHHy nopHAKa 0,8 10"6 CGSM. Hcnojib3ya sto oScTOHTejibCTBO h npeA-noJiaraa, mto yroJi noBopoTa ajumncoHAOB noBepxHocra OepMH He H3MeHneTCH npn BcecTopoHHeM cmothh 6oJiee neM Ha 1—2%, na ocuoBaHHH (J)opMyji JlaH-Aay mojkho oueHHTb xapaKTep H3MeHeHHH stjxjjeKTHBHbix Macc trii, m2, ms ami (BCHCTeMeKoopAHHaT,cBH3aHHoft c r/iaBHbiMH ochmh pemeTKH Bi) H m'l, mz' H m3' (b CHCTeMe KOOpAHHaT, CBH3aHHOH C rjiaBHblMH OCHMH SJlJIHnCOHAa), rpaHHHHoft aneprHH OepMH E0, KOHU.eHTpaii.HH 9JieKTp0H0B n h cjaaKTopa Ahht-jih x npa BcecTopoHHeM OKaTHh (cm. Ta6.nHuy; AaHHbie npn AaBJieHHH p — 0 — no AaHHbiM IHeH(5epra [9] h HauiHMj 3HaieHH5i Macc AaHbi b eAHHHuax sjiektpoh-hoh Maccbi mQ).
T a6 JIHI;a 1
/ i ' •	P = 0	p = 1000 amM	OTHOCHTejIbHOe H3MeneHHe b % npH CJKaTHH
mi. 10s	2,4	1,8±0,2	-25+10
m-i	2,5	2,55±0,12	2+5
m3	0,05	0,056+0,003	12+5
mn	—0,25	0,255+0,012	2+5
m' i-lO®	1 2,4	— 1,8+0,2	—25+10
m'-i	2,53	2,58+0,12	2+5
m'a	0,025	0,03+0,001	20+5
Eo10ll9pe Z7	; 2,81±0,07	2,68+0,07	—5+5
sk' K	204±5	194+5	-5+5
rt-105	l,42j-0,07	1,275+0,075	—10+10
x, °K	1,7±0,1	2,18+0,05	28+10
Xopomee KoJimecTBeHHoe' corjiacne BejinraHbi h3mehehhh n npn cjk3thh c AaHHbiMH padoT [1_3] cbhaetejibCTByeT, no-bhahmomy, o tom, wo y Bi cyme-CTByeT JiHLUb oAHa rpynna sjieKTponoB, cooTBeTCTByroman MoAeJiH /l>KOHca —■ [IlenSepra, a xapaKTep Aet^opMauHH ee noBepxiiocTH OepMH corjiacyeTCs -c ocHOBHbiMH npeACTaBJieHHHMH j],>Konca t11], paccMaTpHBaromero Bi KaK . Me-rajui c HenpaBHjTbHOH CTpyKTypoft. OcuoBbiBancb Ha stoh MOAeJiH, mo>kho npeAnoJio>KHTb, qToy BiMoryT cymecTBOBaTb ABe rpynnbi AbipoK, noBepxiiocTH OepMH KOTOpbix npeACTaBJiHKiT co6oft noBepXHocTH BpameHHH, pacnoJio>KeH-Hbie b yrjiax 3ohh BpHJunosHa. .Hjih AbipoK oAHoro THna HMeeTCH oAHa TaKaa noBepxHocTb, a ajih AbipoK BToporo rana—ABe noBepxHocra, nepexoAamne Apyr b Apyra npw noBopoTe BOKpyr SHHapHoft och.
BecbMa bosmojkho, mto OAHa rpynna AbipoK c noBepxHocTbio OepMH, 6jih3-koh k ct})epoHAy, 3tj)(j)eKTHBHOH msccoh —0,002 m0 h SHeprneH OepMH—14 x X 10"12 spa CBH3aH3 C H30Tp0nH0H HaCTbK) MarHHTHOH BOCnpHHMqHBOCTH (0,8 x XlO"6), a BTopaa rpynna —c 6ojibuiHM 3HaqeHHeM JiHHefinoro qjiena b Tenjio-eMKocTH Bi I12]. HHTepecHo oTMeTHTb, qTO B onbiTax no UHKJi0Tp0HH0My pe-3oHaHcy HafijiioAa^HCb abipkh c Maccofl —0,0015 m0 I13].
B 3aKJiroqeHHe Bbipa>KaeM 6jiaroAapnocTb H. E. AjieKceeBCKOMy h A. A. AdpHKocoBy 3a HiiTepec k pafioTe h uennbie coBeTbi npn o6cy>KAeHHH pe3yjib-T3TOB; CT. MeX3HHKy C. T. 06py4HHKOBy 3a HCK-ntOHHTejlbHOe KaMeCTBO BbinOJI-HeHHbix Tonapubix h MexaHHqecKHX pa6oT h IO. B. Epo4)eeBy 3a noMoui,b npH :npoBeAeHHH- H3MepeHHH.
riocTynHJia b peaaKUHio 24 HHBapa 1958 r.; nocjie nepepafioTKH 5 aBrycTa 1958. r.
Mockobckhh rocyflapcTBenHbifi ' ' '	yHHBepcHTeT
a ■■:■: 0:5.0•".•.: ■ : ...'*.( , u
BjIHHHHe BCeCTOpOHHero C>KaTHH Ha 0CUHJIJIHUH10 MarHHTHOH BOCnpHHMqHBOCTH BHCMyTa 1087
JlHTepaTypa
X11 H. B. B p a h a t. ZIjHccepTaaHH, Mry, 1954.
12]	H. E. A ji e k c e e b c k h ft, H. B. B p a h a t. )K3T<I>, 28, 379, 1955.
13]	H. E. A ji e k c e e b c k h ft, H. B. BpaHjT, T. H. K o c t h h a. H3b. AH CCCP, cepaa (J)h3hq., 21, 790, 1957.
[4] B'J H. B e p k h h, B. r. JI a 3 a p e b, H. M. fl m h t p e h k o. >K3T$, 31, 558, 1956; 35, 328, 1958.
15] H. M. H m h t p e h k o, B. H. B e p k h h, B. T. JI a 3 a p e b. }K3TO, 33, 287, 1957.
[6]	A. M. K o c e b h q. >K3TO, 35, 249,- 1958.
[7]	B. T. JI a 3 a p e b, JI. C. K a h. )K3T<1>, 14, 470, 1944.
18] H. B. B p a h a t, A. K. T o m a m h k. 11T3, 2, 113, 1958; JKypHaji o6meii xhmhh (b ne-qaTH).
[9] D. Shoenberg. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., A245, 1, 1952; Proc. Roy. Soc., 170, 341, 1939.
{10] H. M. JI h $ m h u, A. M. K o c e b h q. ZIAH CCCP, 96, 963, 1954; }K3T<D, 29, 330, 1955.
111]	H. J o n es. Proc. Roy. Soc., 144, 225, 1934; 147 , 396, 1934.
112]	n. r. C t p e ji k o b, H. H. K a ji h h k h h a. }K3T<I>, 34, 616, 1958.
113]	J. K. C a 1 t, W. A. J a g e r, F. R. Merritt, B. C e t 1 i n, H. W. D a i 1, Jr. Phys. Rev., 100,748, [1956.
EFFECT OF UNIFORM COMPRESSION ON THE OSCILLATION OF THE MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BISMUTH AT LOW TEMPERATURES
N. B. Brandt, V. A. Ventzel
The influence of uniform pressure of about 1000 atmospheres on the oscillation of the mag" netic susceptibility of bismuth in a magnetic field up to 13 kOe has been investigated at 4.2°— 1.6° K. The character of variation of the effective mass tensor, Fermi boundary energy Eo, Dingle factor and electron concentration have been estimated with the Landau formula. Assumptions regarding the nature of the electron energy spectrum in bismuth are made.